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1.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(2): 172-180, mar.-abr. 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249889

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que en 2050 la resistencia bacteriana ocasionará 10 millones de muertes. Como parte del Plan de Acción Mundial sobre la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos propuso redes de laboratorios especializados, para conservar cepas y optimizar el uso de los antimicrobianos. En un estudio de 2019 se identificó que las principales bacterias del grupo ESKAPE (con alta resistencia a los antibióticos más usados) que causan infecciones en hospitales de México son Klebsiella spp. resistentes a múltiples fármacos (MDR) y productoras de betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE), Enterobacter spp. BLEE, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR, Staphylococcus aureus meticilinorresistente y Enterococcus faecium resistente a vancomicina. Con la información de resistencia a los fármacos se recomiendan esquemas para tratar la infección causada por Helicobacter pylori, relacionado con el desarrollo de cáncer y cuya prevalencia en la población adulta de Latinoamérica se estima es de entre 60 y 70 %.


Abstract The World Health Organization estimates that bacterial resistance will cause 10 million deaths by 2050. As part of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, it proposed networks of specialized laboratories in order to preserve strains and optimize the use of antimicrobials. In a 2019 study, the main bacteria of the ESKAPE group (which are highly-resistant to the most widely used antibiotics) that cause infections in Mexican hospitals were identified to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella spp., ESBL-producing Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. With information on drug resistance, regimens are recommended to treat infection caused by Helicobacter pylori, a pathogen related to the development of cancer and whose prevalence in the adult population of Latin America is estimated to range between 60 and 70%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Latin America/epidemiology
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(5): 412-418, sep.-oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764722

ABSTRACT

Objective. To assess the risks factors for urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-producing E. coli and the molecular characterization of ESBLs. Materials and methods. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors in consecutively recruited patients with UTIs caused by ESBLs or non-ESBLs-producing E. coli in a tertiary hospital in Mexico. Results. ESBLs-producing E. coli were isolated from 22/70 (31%) patients with E. coli UTIs over a three month period. All isolates were resistant to cephalosporins and quinolones but susceptible to carbapenems, amikacin and nitrofurantoin. Prior antibiotic treatment with more than two antibiotic families (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.06-157.70; p=0.028), recurrent symptomatic UTIs (OR=5.60; 95%CI 1.88-17.87; p=0.001) and previous hospitalization (OR=5.06; 95%CI 1.64-17.69; p=0.002) were significant risk factors. Sixteen isolates harbored the beta-lactamase (bla)CTX-M-15 gene and five the blaTEM-1 gene. Conclusions. One of every three patients presented UTIs with ESBLs-producing beta-lactams and fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli. Risk factors and resistance patterns must be taken into account for developing antibiotic use policies in these settings.


Objetivo. Evaluar los factores de riesgo en infecciones de vías urinarias (IVUs) causadas por E. coli productora de Beta-Lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEEs) y caracterizar las BLEEs. Material y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles en pacientes consecutivos con IVUs causadas por E. coli productoras o no de BLEEs en un hospital de referencia. Resultados. E. coli productora de BLEEs se aisló en 22/70 (31%) pacientes con IVUs por E. coli durante un periodo de tres meses. Todos los aislamientos fueron resistentes a cefalosporinas y quinolonas, pero susceptibles a carbapenemes, amikacina y nitrofurantoina. Factores de riesgo significativos incluyeron tratamiento previo con más de dos familias de antibióticos (OR=6.86; IC95% 1.06-157.70; p=0.028), IVUs sintomáticas recurrentes (OR=5.60; IC95% 1.88-17.87; p=0.001) y hospitalizaciones previas (OR=5.06; IC95% 1.64-17.69; p=0.002). Dieciséis aislamientos presentaron el gen betalactamasas (bla)CTX-M-15 y cinco el gen blaTEM-1. Conclusiones. Uno de cada tres pacientes presentó IVU con E. coli resistente a beta-lactámicos, fluoroquinolonas y productora de BLEEs. En estos casos, los factores de riesgo y patrones de resistencia deberían tomarse en cuenta para recomendar tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Tertiary Care Centers , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , beta-Lactam Resistance , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Drug Utilization , Hospitalization , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
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